Language Theory Foundations - Formal Definitions

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Various formal definitions of Languages and Grammars related to "Language Theory Foundations". This page may not make a lot of sense on its own, but can be useful to reference in the context of pretty much all other topics of Language Theory.

The Chomsky Hierarchy

The following table describes the four levels of "Formal Languages".

Note that each row is technically a subset of all rows prior.
That is, Type-0 technically includes Type-1, Type-2, and Type-3.
Type-1 technically includes Type-2 and Type-3.
And type-2 technically includes type-3.

Grammars Languages Accepting Machines
Type-0 Grammars,
Phase-StructureGrammars,
Unrestricted Grammars
Recursively Enumerable Turning Machines,
Non-Deterministic Turning Machines
Type-1 Grammars,
Context-Sensitive Grammars,
Non-Contracting
Context-Sensitive Linear-Bounded Automata
Type-2 Grammars,
Context-Free Grammars (CFG)
Context-Free Pushdown Automata (PDA)
Type-3 Grammars,
Regular Grammars,
Left-Linear Grammars,
Right-Linear Grammars,
Regular Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA),
Non-Deterministic Finite Automata (NFA)